Thermodynamic properties of heavy water (D2O) like density, melting temperature, boiling temperature, latent heat of fusion, latent heat of evaporation, critical temperature and more.
![density of water in imperial units density of water in imperial units](https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/752/2016/09/26194017/desity-20water.png)
Heating Systems - Steam and Condensate LoadsĬalculating steam and condensate loads in steam heated systems. Heat Transfer Coefficients in Heat Exchanger Surface CombinationsĪverage overall heat transmission coefficients for fluid and surface combinations like Water to Air, Water to Water, Air to Air, Steam to Water and more. Diffusion constants for several gases in water. Gases Solved in Water - Diffusion Coefficientsĭiffusion flux tells how fast a substanse solved in another substance flows due to concentration gradients. Amount of flash steam generated at different pressures - kN/m 2.Ĭomparing flow coefficients Cv to flow factors Kv. When condensate leaves the steam traps - flash steam is generated. When condensate passes steam traps - flash steam is generated. Make-up water to steam boilers should be treated with oxygen scavengers to avoid serious corrosion problems.įlash Steam Generation - Imperial Units (psig) TemperatureĬavitation of impellers increases with water temperatures.
![density of water in imperial units density of water in imperial units](http://www.separationprocesses.com/CourseWare/Experiments/Property01.gif)
High temperatures and danger of impeller cavitation is the major challenge for condensate pumping in steam systems.įeed Pumps in Steam Systems - Suction Lift Head vs. When cold steam pipes are heated up they generate huge amounts of condensate that must be drained away from the pipe through steam traps - in Imperial Units.Ĭondensate Pipe Lines - Friction Resistance Imperial Unitsįriction or major resistance in condensate pipe lines.įlow and pressure loss in condensate return lines - SI Units. Huge amounts of condensate are generated when cold steam pipes are heated up must be drained from the pipes.Ĭondensate Generated in Cold Steam Pipes - Sizing of Steam Traps Suspended solids in the feed water will remain in the boiler when steam is generated.īoiler Feed Water - Chemistry and Impurity LimitsĪBMA recommended feed water chemistry limits for steam boilers.Ĭlassification of boilers according the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.Ĭondensate Generated in Cold Steam Pipes - SI Units The International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code safety rules governing design, fabrication, and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels, and nuclear power plant components during construction. The moisture holding capacity of air increases with temperature.Īir in the steam will lower the surface temperatures in heat exchangers - and less heat will be transferred.ĪSME - International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Thermodynamics of steam and condensate systems.Īir - Humidifying with Steam - Imperial UnitsĮstimate the amount of steam required (lb/h in 100 cfm) in humid air.Īir - Moisture Holding Capacity vs. Sizing of steam and condensate pipe lines - pressure loss, recommended velocity, capacity and more. Steam and condensate pipes - heat loss uninsulated and insulated pipes, insulation thickness and more.
![density of water in imperial units density of water in imperial units](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Continuity_eqn_open_surface.svg/390px-Continuity_eqn_open_surface.svg.png)
Sizing and dimensions of control valves & equipment in steam and condensate systems.įlash steam generation - thermodynamic fundamentals, heat loss, energy recovery and more.